Violin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The violin is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. It is the smallest and highest- pitched instrument in the family in regular use. How to Tune Your Violin As you probably know the violin has four strings and they are tuned, moving from right to left, to G D A and E. G being the thickest string and E being the thinnest. When the violin was first invented. This is a free violin course for beginners by Violin Stars. There is an instructional PDF file that goes along with this lesson which can be downloaded for f. John Williams ## 3 j . A Tune A Day Violin Book 1. Trumpet Tune In D Major - noeyme.pi-ppa.com. Posted on 25-Jul-2016 . 15-intermediate-jazz-duets-b-flat-edition-trumpet-tenorsoprano. ![]() Beginner Violin Instruction : How to Tune a Violin. Beginner Violin Instruction . Visit RedDesertViolin.com for more! Ultimate Beginner’s Guide to Practicing the Violin Plus Daily Practice Diary and Lesson Notes Worksheets. Shiroh Hora (Klezmer tune) sheet music for Violin (pdf) - 8notes.com. A Tune a Day Violino 1. Text File (.txt) or read online. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. IT is quite easy to tune your violin with the aid of a piano. Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres. They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music. However, violins are also frequently used in jazz, in some forms of rock music, and genres of folk including country music and bluegrass music. Further, the violin has come to be played in many non- Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music. The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle, regardless of the type of music played on it. The violin was first known in 1. Italy, with some further modifications occurring in the 1. In Europe it served as the basis for stringed instruments used in western classical music, the viola and the violin. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or equal it, though this belief is disputed. ![]() Many of these trade instruments were formerly sold by Sears, Roebuck and Co. The parts of a violin are usually made from different types of wood (although electric violins may not be made of wood at all, since their sound may not be dependent on specific acoustic characteristics of the instrument's construction), and it is usually strung with gut, Perlon or other synthetic, or steel strings. History. Bowed instruments may have originated in the equestrian cultures of Central Asia, an example being the Tanbur originated in modern- day Uzbekistan or Kobyz (Kazakh: . Their two- stringed upright fiddles were strung with horsehair strings, played with horsehair bows, and often feature a carved horse. The violins, violas, and cellos we play today, and whose bows are still strung with horsehair, are a legacy of the nomads. One of the earliest explicit descriptions of the instrument, including its tuning, was in the Epitome musical by Jambe de Fer, published in Lyon in 1. The finest Renaissance carved and decorated violin in the world is the Gasparo da Sal. It is now in the Vestlandske Kustindustrimuseum in Bergen (Norway). It is now located in the Ashmolean Museum of Oxford. The majority of old instruments have undergone these modifications, and hence are in a significantly different state than when they left the hands of their makers, doubtless with differences in sound and response. The current record amount paid for a Stradivari violin is . A distinctive feature of a violin body is its hourglass- like shape and the arching of its top and back. The hourglass shape comprises two upper bouts, two lower bouts, and two concave C- bouts at the waist, providing clearance for the bow. The voice of a violin depends on its shape, the wood it is made from, the graduation (the thickness profile) of both the top and back, and the varnish that coats its outside surface. The varnish and especially the wood continue to improve with age, making the fixed supply of old violins much sought- after. The very great majority of glued joints in the instrument use animal hide glue for a number of reasons: it is capable of making a thinner joint than most other glues, it is reversible (brittle enough to crack with carefully applied force, and removable with warm water) when disassembly is needed, and since fresh hide glue sticks to old hide glue, more original wood can be preserved when repairing a joint. It also allows the top to flex more independently of the rib structure. Painted- on faux purfling on the top is usually a sign of an inferior instrument. The back and ribs are typically made of maple, most often with a matching striped figure, referred to as flame, fiddleback, or tiger stripe. The neck is usually maple with a flamed figure compatible with that of the ribs and back. It carries the fingerboard, typically made of ebony, but often some other wood stained or painted black. Ebony is the preferred material because of its hardness, beauty, and superior resistance to wear. Fingerboards are dressed to a particular transverse curve, and have a small lengthwise . Many authentic old instruments have had their necks reset to a slightly increased angle, and lengthened by about a centimeter. The neck graft allows the original scroll to be kept with a Baroque violin when bringing its neck into conformance with modern standards. Its top curve holds the strings at the proper height from the fingerboard in an arc, allowing each to be sounded separately by the bow. The sound post, or soul post, fits precisely inside the instrument between the back and top, below the treble foot of the bridge, which it helps support. It also transmits vibrations between the top and the back of the instrument. The tailpiece anchors the strings to the lower bout of the violin by means of the tailgut, which loops around an ebony button called the tailpin (sometimes confusingly called the endpin, like the cello's spike), which fits into a tapered hole in the bottom block. Very often the E string will have a fine tuning lever worked by a small screw turned by the fingers. Fine tuners may also be applied to the other strings, especially on a student instrument, and are sometimes built into the tailpiece. At the scroll end, the strings wind around the tuning pegs in the pegbox. Strings usually have a colored silk wrapping at both ends, for identification and to provide friction against the pegs. The tapered pegs allow friction to be increased or decreased by the player applying appropriate pressure along the axis of the peg while turning it. Strings. In the early years of the 2. Modern strings may be gut, solid steel, stranded steel, or various synthetic materials, wound with various metals, and sometimes plated with silver. Most E strings are unwound, either plain or gold- plated steel. Currently, violin strings are not made with gut as much, but many performers use them to achieve a specific sound especially in historically informed performance. Strings have a limited lifetime. Apart from obvious things, such as the winding of a string coming undone from wear, players generally change a string when it no longer plays true, losing the desired tone, brilliantness and intonation. String longevity depends on string quality and playing intensity. Pitch range. Note that the pitch we hear is the peak around 2. Hz. A violin is tuned in fifths, in the notes G3, D4, A4, E5. The lowest note of a violin, tuned normally, is G3, or G below middle C. Yet higher notes (up to C8) can be sounded using harmonics, either natural or artificial. Acoustics. Patterns of the node made by sand or glitter sprinkled on the plates with the plate vibrated at certain frequencies, called Chladni patterns, are occasionally used by luthiers to verify their work before assembling the instrument. Small violins were made at least during the late Renaissance Period and quite probably into the Baroque period that were a fourth higher in pitch than standard violins. These violins could be used either by children, or by musicians who had parts that were then outside of the range of standard violins. It is important to remember that the chin rest was a relatively recent invention. Without the chin rest, shifting into upper positions or back down from higher positions often resulted in the musician losing control of the violin. Additionally, some people have speculated that these fractional violins could have been used instead of Dancing master's violins (also called . These early fractional violins are easily confused with children- sized violins, but, if confirmed by an expert, are highly sought by collectors and museums. During the later part of the 1. Saxony produced many of these fractional violins. These smaller instruments are commonly used by young players, whose fingers are not long enough to reach the correct positions on full- sized instruments. While related in some sense to the dimensions of the instruments, the fractional sizes are not intended to be literal descriptions of relative proportions. For example, a 3/4- sized instrument is not three- quarters the length of a full size instrument. The body length (not including the neck) of a full- size, or 4/4, violin is 3. A 3/4 violin's body length is 3. With the violin's closest family member, the viola, size is specified as body length in inches or centimeters rather than fractional sizes. A full- size viola averages 1. Occasionally, an adult with a small frame may use a so- called 7/8 size violin instead of a full- size instrument. Sometimes called a lady's violin, these instruments are slightly shorter than a full size violin, but tend to be high- quality instruments capable of producing a sound that is comparable to that of fine full size violins. Mezzo violin. The strings of the mezzo violin are the same length as those of the standard violin. All violins have pegs; fine tuners (also called fine adjusters) are optional. Most fine tuners consist of a metal screw that moves a lever attached to the string end. They permit very small pitch adjustments much more easily than the pegs. By turning one clockwise, the pitch becomes sharper and turning one counterclockwise, the pitch becomes flatter. Fine tuners on all four of the strings are a practical necessity for playing steel- core strings, and some players use them with synthetic strings as well. Since modern E strings are steel, a fine tuner is typically fitted for that string. Fine tuners are not used with gut strings, which are more elastic than steel or synthetic- core strings and do not respond adequately to the very small movements of fine tuners. To tune a violin, the A string is first tuned to a standardpitch (usually 4. Hz). A minutely higher tuning is sometimes employed for solo playing to give the instrument a brighter sound; conversely, Baroque music is sometimes played using lower tunings to make the violin's sound more gentle.
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